Sociology is body of learning about society interacting with social groups. It is a social science which includes the study of social institutions, religions, family, values, customs, caste and habits etc.
The term biology is made of two words. One is called bios in Greek which means life and the other logos mean study. So biology is the science of living things. Biology makes to understand ourselves better and the nature in the best possible way. It explains intricate relationship among the organisms in the ecosystem.
The natural world is organized into interrelated units called ecosystems. Ecosystem is a collection of living and non-living organisms connected by a complex web of interactions. Ecosystem is a region in which the organism and the physical environment form an interacting unit.
There is growing realization that natural farming methods are an answer to the environmental and agricultural problems.
On the occasion of the World Environment Day (June 5) one eminent environmentalist presented the concept of Dharma on Ecology. According to him there is a need to have global ethics to meet threat to our environment. Planners must make use of this concept and educate the people over this ground, because the major challenge facing the human race is to move towards sustainability.
The enhanced pace of development activities and rapid urbanization have resulted in stress on natural resources and quality of life.
Chemical and allied industries are the major source of air pollution because these industries discharge tons of toxious gases. With the increasing standard of living and a growing need for a faster moving life, the numbers of automobiles on the Indian roads have been increasing and simultaneously so is the pollution from them.
Scope means coverage, end aimed at purpose, intention, outlook, purview and sphere of observation.
Environment science teaches that all organisms have an impact on their surroundings. It recognizes development of compromise between different geographic regions. Environmental decisions are therefore often compromising.
Poverty, hunger, malnutrition, unemployment and poor medical facilities are very serious and acute problems in the developing countries. Environmental pollution is another equally serious problem being faced throughout the world due to struggle for economic development. Economic development which require fast industrial development is being made everywhere in the world, in order to meet the needs of teeming millions.
Birds play an important role in monitoring (informing) the environment. Every species (living creature) has its own significance and its presence or absence in a particular habitat (local environment of a group of organisms) has a specific importance.
Environmental study is an interdisciplinary area of study. When we say interdisciplinary field of knowledge, the study include many disciplines of knowledge such as earth sciences/ agriculture, economics, biology, physics, chemistry, sociology, engineering and politics. Environmental science therefore is a mixture of traditional science, social values and political awareness.
"We do not inherit the environment from our fore fathers; we borrow it for future generations". In 1972 representations of 113 world governments assembled is Stockholm to participate in UN conference on Human Environment. The Stockholm conference proclaimed that:
The plants, restricted to a definite are only for their distribution are called endemics and this phenomenon is called endemism. The definite area may be continent, country or province, and small area. The endemics have two characteristics:
Ecologists call large, distinct, easily differentiated formations or communities having distinct flora and fauna are biomes. Biomes are generally recognized by and named after the dominant plant species or community.
Hansen (1920) divides 8 zones on either side of equator. The three latitude zohes are (1) Polar (2) Temperate (3) Tropical.