The tenth and the last guru of the Sikhs, Guru Gobind Singh, was a saint, soldier, poet, philosopher and great revolutionary. He was born at Patna in Bihar in 1666 A.D., while his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was on a visit to the Northeast on a mission of peace. At the age of five he moved off with his parents to Anandpur Sahib in Punjab, There he received both academic and military education, His father fought for the religious freedom of the harassed Kashmir Pandits who were being forcibly converted to Islam by the Mughal rulers. He was beheaded in November, 1675 at Chandni Chowk, Delhi. After the martyrdom of the ninth Guru, his son Gobind Rai accepted the leadership of the Sikh Community.
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In March, 1699, Guru Gobind Singh laid the foundation of the Khalsa at Anandpur Sahib. He offered amrit to the Panj Piaras (five beloved ones). In fact, thousands of people took the amrit that day prepared by stirring a dagger in a steel vessel containing water. In one moment he finished the distinction of caste and creed. He gave a new identity to the followers, and told them to live a morally dean life. It was a great miracle. A new organisation was born with the holy duty of protecting the poor and the repressed. These were fearless soldiers in the cause of righteousness Ute victims of the Mughal cruelties became self-respecting and confident. They joined the fold of the Khalsa. The Guru said : “I wear arms not to kill, but to make the cowardly kings love all. I need no kingdoms on this earth.”
The birth of the new order became an eyesore for the Mughal king. In 1705, the two elder sons of Guru Gobind Singh, died fighting in a fierce battle at Anandpur Sahib. The two younger ones, hardly seven and five years old, were bricked alive by the Governor of Serhind. Their grandmother held prisoner by the Governor, could not stand this tragedy. She died of grief. Thus the tenth Guru sacrificed his whole family in the cause of truth, justice and equality. He himself left this world on October 7, 1708 in Maharashtra as a result of an attack on him during his sleep. Before Guru Gobind Singh died, he declared that there would be no living Guru after him, and that all spiritual guidance would be obtained from the Holy Book, Guru Granth Sahib.