Tag Archives | Statistics

Non-Parametric Tests: Meaning and Types | Data Analysis | Statistics

Read this article to learn about:- 1. Meaning of Non-Parametric Tests 2. Important Types of Non-Parametric Tests 3. Non-Parametric Vs. Distribution-Free Tests. Meaning of Non-Parametric Tests: Statistical tests that do not require the estimate of population variance or mean and do not state hypotheses about parameters are considered non-parametric tests. Non-parametric tests are also referred to as distribution-free tests. These [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:10+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) | Data Analysis | Statistics

ANOVA was developed by Prof. R.A. Fisher on Agriculturist who made an extensive use of this statistical technique in his agriculture experiment. In statistics the term ANOVA mean analysis of variance, which is one of the best advanced statistical technique in the field of professional business, physical sciences. Agriculture experiments and Economic theory. In the study of ANOVA our aim [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Types of Graphs and Diagrams | Data Analysis | Statistics

Generally the following types of graphs are used in representing frequency distribution: 1. Histograms 2. Frequency Polygon 3. Frequency Curve 4. Cumulative Frequency Curve or Ogive 5. Bar Diagram 6. Area of Diagram 7. Circle or Pie Diagram 8. Prisms 9. Cartogram and Map Diagrams 10. Pictogram. Type # 1. Histrogram: In drawing the histrogram of a given grouped frequency [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Applications of Chi-Square Test | Statistics

Read this article to learn about the applications of Chi-Square test in analyzing statistical data. Goodness of Fit: Habitat Use: If you are looking for habitat selection or avoidance in a species (e.g., black bear), you can use a goodness of fit test to see if the animals are using habitat in proportion to its availability. If you have collected [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Multiplicative Law of Probability | Data Analysis | Statistics

Then if the two classifications are independent of each other, a cell probability will equal the product of its respective row and column probabilities in accordance with the multiplicative law of probability. Example of obtaining Column and Row Probabilities: For example, the probability that a particular defect will occur in shift 1 and is of type A is (p1) (pA). [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Contingency Tables and Tests for Independence of Factors | Statistics

Read this article to learn about the contingency tables and tests for independence of factors for data analysis. Survival: Is the probability of being male or female independent of being alive or dead? Let us use data on ruffed grouse. You collect mortality data from 100 birds you radio-collared and test the following hypothesis: Ho: The 2 sets of attributes [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

Chi-Square Test (x2): Distribution and Properties | Statistics

The Chi-Square distribution is a mathematical distribution that is used directly or indirectly in many tests of significance. The most common use of the chi square distribution is to test differences between proportions. Although this test is by no means the only test based on the chi square distribution, it has come to be known as the chi square test. [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:09+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

How is Harmonic Mean Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics

Harmonic Mean (HM) is defined as the reciprocal of the arithmetic average of the reciprocal of the value of various items. It can be solved through the following formula: In Case of Individual Series: Example 1: Calculate the HM from the following data: X: 18 12 16 21 7 9 Solution: Calculation of HM: HM = N/∑(1/x)= 6/1.0358 [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:08+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

Measures of Central Tendency | Data Analysis | Statistics

Read this article to learn about:- 1. Meaning and Objectives of an Average 2. Types of Average 3. Which Average is best in the Measure of Central Tendency? Meaning and Objectives of an Average: An average is a value which represents the entire data in a series by one figure. It has much significance because it represents the features of [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:08+00:00August 1, 2018|Data Analysis|Comments Off

3 Main Forms of Frequency Curve (With Diagram) | Statistics

This article throws light upon the four main forms of frequency curves. The forms are: 1. Symmetrical Unimodal Curve 2. Moderately Asymmetrical (Skew) Distribution 3. Extremely Skew (J- Shaped) 4. U-Shaped or Antimodal Curves. Form # 1. Symmetrical Unimodal Curve: Point of maximum in the middle and the curve is symmetrical on both sides. Form # 2. Moderately Asymmetrical (Skew) [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:08+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

How is Mode Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics

The mode is defined to be size of the variable which occurs most frequently or the point of maximum frequency or the point of maximum frequency or the point of greatest density. It is also an important measure of central tendency. For example, we have given the data, that is, 19, 21, 20, 19, 19, 19, 25, in this case, [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:08+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

How is Median Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics

When the observations are arranged in ascending or descending order of magnitude, then the middle value is known as median of these observations. Let x1, x2 ....xn be n observations arranged in the ascending order of magnitudes. Median is defined as the 'middle most' term, that is, the value of x at the position n+1/2, i.e, we can write. Median [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:08+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

How is Geometric Mean Calculated? | Central Tendency | Statistics

Geometric mean is defined as the Nth root of the product of N items. For example, if we have two items then we will take square root, if we take three items then we take cube root and so on. It can be calculated from following formula: Where X1 X2 .... Xn = various items in a series n = [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:07+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

Measures of Central Tendency: 10 Problems and Solutions | Statistics

Here is a compilation of top twenty-eight problems on the measures of central tendency along with its relevant solutions. Problem 1: Calculate the mean using different methods: Solution: (i) X̅ Under direct method X̅ = 3300/100 = 33 (ii) X̅ short-cut method X̅ = 25 + 800/100 = 25 + 8 = 33 100 (iii) X̅ under step deviation method [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:07+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off

Measures of Central Tendency: Problems and Solutions | Statistics

Here is a compilation of top twenty-eight problems on the measures of central tendency along with its relevant solutions. Problem 1: A firm buys machinery worth Rs. 2,00,000 every year and writes off depreciation as given below: Find the average depreciation rate per year. Solution: Now, arranging the data for 3 parts, we find Calculation average depreciation rate: X̅w = [...]

By Indrani M|2018-08-01T07:43:07+00:00August 1, 2018|Central Tendency|Comments Off