After the industrial revolution urban population all over the world is increasing. There is a rapid migration of rural people to urban areas for jobs and better living. As a result the population in the towns and cities are increasing and rural population is dwindling. The rapid in rush of people to the urban areas is pressuring its limited space and cause all type of health and environmental hazards.
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Advantages of Urbanization:
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Growth in industrial productions: The production in various industrial sectors like cement, iron and steel, textile, fertilizers ,computing etc., are helping in the economic growth of the country. Export increase and this forest reserve increases.
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Growth in trade and commerce: Urbanization helps the nation’s business sector. Rural people came to the urban places with their goods.
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Development in tourism industries: People from foreign countries are attracted to good cities and towns having better transport facilities. Tourism is a good source of foreign currency for a country.
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Improvement in Science, Culture etc.: Urban places are the meeting point of all good cultures of various localities. Education, science and technology developments take place in urban places improving the society as a whole.
Disadvantages of Urbanization:
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The rapid inflows of rural population to urban places give rise to housing problem and thus slums are developed in these places.
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The decrease in rural population effects the agricultural productions due to shortage of workers in rural areas.
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The increase in population in urban places pressurize water and sanitation facilities. It results in environmental pollution, health hazards etc..
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The unemployment increases in urban areas. Due to the various criminal activities, corruption etc. increases affecting the law and order system.