As the name implies these organic compounds have low boiling point and evaporate quickly into the atmosphere.
These chemicals are either synthesized directly or may be obtained as side product.
From the atmosphere it comes down to the surface along with rain or from the industry it can go directly into the nearby river or sea or other water resources.
From the surface it can get evaporated into the atmosphere causing air pollution and if it seeps underground, its evaporation process will slower down resulting in high degree of ground water pollution.
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Chlorinated hydrocarbons can also be used as herbicides.
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They are used for killing weeds and undesirable vegetation. However, such types of chemicals are banned or need to be banned as the side-products obtained during their synthesis are highly toxic dioxin. Herbicide like paraquat used to destroy marijuana.
The volatile organic compounds are found to be either carcinogens or mutagens. Five such compounds are generally found to be highly toxic.
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1. Vinyl chloride:
It is used to produce polyvinyl chloride resins and is most toxic as it is a suspected carcinogen.
2. Trichloroethylene:
A commonly used cleaning agent and is a suspected carcinogen and ground water contaminant.
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3. Tetrachloroethylene:
Major component in the production of chlorofluorocarbons and causes tumors in animals.
4. Carbon tetrachloride:
Finds application in fire extinguisher, synthesis of various chemicals, fumigants. Insoluble in water and trace amount found in water and is toxic when ingested.
5. Dichloroethylene:
Used to produce various products including vinyl chloride, tetraethyl lead and soap compounds. It can affect central nervous system, liver and kidney if it exceeds tolerance level.