Vector is defined as any living carrier that transports an infectious agent to a susceptible individual (man). Transmission by vector may be mechanical and biological means.
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Mechanical means:
Infectious agents are mechanically transported by crawling organism and flying insects through soiling of its, feet or by passage of organism through its gastrointestinal tract. Some of the vector borne disease are malaria, plague, encephalitis, fish fade worm etc.
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Biological Transmission:
In such cease disease causing agent passes through a developmental cycle or multiplication stages in the body of vector. The examples are malaria parasites mosquitoes, plague bacilli in rat, fleas and microfilaria in mosquito etc.
Control of vector borne disease:
- It can be controlled by eliminating the vectors and breeding grounds
- Insecticides are also can be applied to control the insect vector of diseases.
- Presently, the control of pests or vectors is based on the integration of environmental control, biological control and genetic control.
The environmental control includes the elimination of breeding places proper water management the provision of piped water supply and the proper disposal of solid waste etc. There should be the provision of cleanliness and intensive education.
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The chemical control can be made by the use of oils and synthetic insecticides prevent the accumulation in food chain.